Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are commonly known to underlie memory formation. Presently, scientists’ attention is focused on changes in the levels of histone modifications (mainly acetylation and methylation) in the chromatin of CNS cells tested in various experimental models. Owing to their relatively simple CNSs, mollusks are among the most popular models. Our experiments were con-ducted with the molluskHelix lucorumbecause its CNS had been investigated in detail and most of its neurons had been proven to participate in the formation of different behavior patterns, including the prolonged response to various stimuli. This work concerns the influence of various effectors (serotonin and FMRFamide, associated with CNS activator and inhibitory pathways, respectively) on the acetylation of H4 histone in the subesophageal ganglion complex and in defensive behavior command neurons of the right and left parietal ganglia (RPa3/2 and LPa3/2) in the snail. Western blot analysis showed that FMRFamide inhibited histone H4 acetylation induced by serotonin in the subesophageal complex of CNS ganglia. However, serotonin and FMRFamide cooperatively enhanced the induction of histone H4 acetylation in RPa3/2 defensive behavior command neurons. No changes were found in the counterpart LPa3/2. It is a new piece of evidence for functional asymmetry inHelix. The inhibitory pathways mediated by FMRFamide not only inhibit the activatory intracellular processes in the entire CNS but can also enhance them, as in RPa3/2 defensive behavior command neurons.
Highlights
Вовлеченность эпигенетических механизмов в формирование долговременной памяти не вызывает сомнений
Regulation of histone H4 acetylation in the CNS and defensive behavior command neurons of the mollusk Helix mediated by serotonin and neuropeptide FMRFamide
This work concerns the influence of various effectors on the acetylation of H4 histone in the subesophageal ganglion complex and in defensive behavior command neurons of the right and left parietal ganglia (RPa3/2 and LPa3/2) in the snail
Summary
Целью работы было изучение влияния известных эффекторов: серотонина и FMRFамида, связанных в ЦНС с активаторными и тормозными путями соответственно, на ацетилирование гистона Н4 в подглоточном комплексе ганглиев, а также в командных нейронах оборонительного поведения правого (ППа3/2) и левого (ЛПа3/2) париетальных ганглиев улитки. Задачей настоящей работы было изучение влияния этих эффекторов на ацетилирование гистона Н4 в подглоточном комплексе ганглиев, а также командных нейронах оборонительного поведения правого (ППа3/2) и левого (ЛПа3/2) париетальных ганглиев улитки. Результаты Изучение влияния серотонина и FMRFамида на ацетилирование гистона Н4 проводили в подглоточном комплексе ганглиев (ЦНС), а также в изолированных командных нейронах оборонительного поведения ЛПа3/2 и ППа3/2, расположенных в левых и правых париетальных ганглиях ЦНС Helix Результаты проведенных методом Вестерн-блот гибридизации экспериментов показывают, что инкубация ЦНС с серотонином приводит к достоверному увеличению уровня ацетилирования гистона Н4 (р < 0.001) в суммарных гомогенатах подглоточного комплекса ганглиев спустя один час после обучения, а добавление в инкубационную среду нейропепт ида FMRFамида эффект серотонина полностью нивелирует Regulation of histone H4 acetylation in the CNS of mollusk Helix by serononin and FMRFamide
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