Abstract
Polyphenols contained within plant tissues are consumed in significant amounts in the human diet and are known to influence a number of biological processes. This study investigated the effects of an anthocyanin-rich berry-extract on glucose uptake by human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Acute exposure (15 min) to berry extract (0.125%, w/v) significantly decreased both sodium-dependent (Total uptake) and sodium-independent (facilitated uptake) 3H-D-glucose uptake. In longer-term studies, SGLT1 mRNA and GLUT2 mRNA expression were reduced significantly. Polyphenols are known to interact directly with glucose transporters to regulate the rate of glucose absorption. Our in vitro data support this mechanism and also suggest that berry flavonoids may modulate post-prandial glycaemia by decreasing glucose transporter expression. Further studies are warranted to investigate the longer term effects of berry flavonoids on the management of glycaemia in human volunteers.
Highlights
The classical mechanism for intestinal glucose absorption involves uptake across the apical membrane of enterocytes via the sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1)
In this study we investigated the ability of an anthocyaninrich berry extract to modulate glucose transporter mRNA expression, and glucose uptake by human intestinal Caco-2 cells
total glucose uptake (Total) glucose uptake and facilitated glucose uptake were both significantly decreased after acute exposure to the berry extract (Figure 1)
Summary
The classical mechanism for intestinal glucose absorption involves uptake across the apical membrane of enterocytes via the sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1). Release of glucose into the circulation is mediated by the facilitated glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) located on the basolateral surface of enterocytes. It has been recognised for a number of years that the apical uptake phase has two distinct elements: a saturable, phloridzin-sensitive (SGLT1) fraction and a diffusive component [1], suggesting that more than one transporter may be involved. Studies have revealed that GLUT2 is expressed at the apical membrane of enterocytes during the digestive phase and can contribute significantly to glucose absorption (reviewed in [2]), and may explain the diffusive uptake component. In this study we investigated the ability of an anthocyaninrich berry extract to modulate glucose transporter mRNA expression, and glucose uptake by human intestinal Caco-2 cells
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