Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease in humans and is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Although current drug-based and insulin-based therapies bring great benefits to patients, they can only maintain a transient normal blood glucose level and do not fundamentally change the abnormal blood glucose control of the human body. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which the human body maintains glycemic stability is a prerequisite for the treatment of diabetes. At present, a large number of studies have confirmed that the hypothalamus is a key region in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, but its neural mechanism of regulating blood glucose is still not fully elucidated. In this paper, the mechanism of glucose regulation by glucose-sensing neurons and various hypothalamic nuclei and their research progress will be reviewed.
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