Regulation of dauciform root formation and root phosphatase activities of sedges (Carex) by nitrogen and phosphorus

Abstract

Dauciform roots (DR) are formed by some Cyperaceae under phosphorus (P) deficiency. To advance our understanding of their physiological function, I ask: Is DR formation regulated by shoot P status or external P supply? How does it respond to nitrogen (N)? Do DR enhance root monoesterase, diesterase or phytase activities and ability to utilize organic P? Greenhouse experiments were carried out with two Carex species grown in sand with (1) different combinations of N and P supply, (2) local supply of N or P to root halves, and (3) different organic P forms. Carex flava produced DR in all treatments. The density of DR and phosphatase activities increased with N supply; they were regulated by shoot P status and external N (but not P) supply. All phosphatase activities increased with DR density. Carex muricata produced no DR and had lower diesterase activity than C. flava but both species grew equally well with diester-P. DR and phosphatase activities are regulated by both N and P supply. Similar growth responses to nutrients in both species suggest small costs and benefits of DR under experimental conditions but confirmation is needed for plants grown on natural soils.