Regulation of Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Activity of Advanced Cooling Composition (ACC) in UVB-Irradiated Human HaCaT Keratinocytes.

Jungha Park,Hyun-Jeong Cho,Yong-Kyu Woo

doi:10.3390/ijms21186527

Jungha Park, Hyun-Jeong Cho + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186527

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Abstract

We recently demonstrated that advanced cooling composition (ACC) has effective ingredients that exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and exhibit strong antimicrobial effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), Candida albicans, and Streptococcus mutans. To further investigate whether ACC has beneficial effects in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), HaCaT cells were pretreated with ACC prior to UVB irradiation. Our data showed that ACC, which is effective at 100 µg/mL, is nontoxic and has an antioxidative effect against UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HaCaT cells. In addition, ACC exerts cytoprotective effects against UVB-induced cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells by inhibiting abnormal inflammation and apoptosis through the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signals, such as jun-amino-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Therefore, these results indicate that ACC is a potentially beneficial raw material that possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects against UVB-induced keratinocytes and may have applications in skin health.

Highlights

The skin is the largest organ in the body
We demonstrated that advanced cooling composition (ACC) significantly attenuates the levels of nitric oxide (NO) production and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
The herbal medicines using products packaged and sold as drugs were purchased from CK Pharm Co., Ltd. (128, Yangnyeongdong-gil, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea) Fourteen natural products, including Phellodendron bark, Scutellaria baicalensis, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., Anemarrhena asphodeloides Alumen, Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertner, Mentha arvensis var. piperascens, Inula helenium, Syringa velutina var. kamibayashi, Corydalis incisa, Eclipta prostrata, Lonicera japonica, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis were mixed according to their respective proportions (Table 1) and distilled for 11 h at 80 ◦C using 40 L of distilled water as a solvent (Figure 1A)

Summary

Introduction

The epidermis, the most superficial layer of the skin, serves to protect the body from the external environment and provides a barrier against the loss of internal fluids [1]. It is known that most skin damage caused by UV rays occurs with UVB (280–320 nm), and the wavelength of the UVB region is absorbed in the epidermal layer of the skin [4]. Accumulating evidence suggests that UVB irradiation induces nuclear DNA damage and causes membrane destruction, resulting in cell loss or apoptosis [5,6]. Antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiapoptosis activities help to protect normal skin cells from UVB irradiation, and this study attempts to promote these activities through a mixture of herbal medicines

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