Abstract
We investigated the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/AKT signaling pathway involved in muscle formation, growth, and movement in the adductor muscle of triploid Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Large and small triploid oysters (LTs and STs) cultured under identical conditions were screened, and the signaling pathways of individuals with superior growth were compared and analyzed. mRNA and protein expression levels of actin, troponin, tropomyosin, and myosin, proteins important in muscle formation, were higher in LTs compared with STs. Expression levels of IGF-1, IGF binding protein (IGFBP), and IGFBP complex acid-labile subunit were also higher in LTs compared with STs. Phosphorylation of the IGF receptor as well as that of AKT was high in LTs. In addition, the expression of phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3β was increased and the expression of Forkhead box O3 was decreased in LTs. Therefore, we suggested that the IGF-1/AKT signaling pathway affects the formation, growth, and movement of the adductor muscle in triploid oysters.
Highlights
The triploid Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was first reported by Stanley et al (1981) and commercialized on the West Coast of America in 1985 (Allen et al 1989)
Growth characteristics and identification of triploid oysters In total, 60 triploid oysters collected from Taean were classified as LTs and STs depending on their size and weight
insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) protein expression, as well as that of IGF binding protein (IGF-BP) and IGF-IR, was higher in LTs compared with STs (Fig. 4b)
Summary
The triploid Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was first reported by Stanley et al (1981) and commercialized on the West Coast of America in 1985 (Allen et al 1989). At present, it is produced by crossing diploid female and tetraploid male hybrids (Guo et al 1996), and this method is being applied to various oysters. Growth is faster because more energy can be used to grow somatic cells compared with diploid oysters (Allen and Downing 1986; Nell 2002; Nell and Perkins 2005). Muscles are divided into striated muscles, such as skeletal and cardiac
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