Abstract
Filamentous fungi are important eukaryotic organisms crucial in substrate degradation and carbon cycle on the earth and have been harnessed as cell factories for the production of proteins and other high value-added products in recent decades. As cell factories, filamentous fungi play a crucial role in industrial protein production as both native hosts and heterologous hosts. In this review, the regulation strategies of carbohydrate active enzyme expression at both transcription level and protein level are introduced, and the transcription regulations are highlighted with induction mechanism, signaling pathway, and promoter and transcription factor regulation. Afterward, the regulation strategies in protein level including suitable posttranslational modification, protein secretion enhancement, and protease reduction are also presented. Finally, the challenges and perspectives in this field are discussed. In this way, a comprehensive knowledge regarding carbohydrate active enzyme production regulation at both transcriptional and protein levels is provided with the particular goal of aiding in the practical application of filamentous fungi for industrial protein production.
Highlights
In recent years, green biomanufacturing is getting increasing attention because of the serious energy crisis and environment pollution
The strategy of using known regulatory elements for protein production is widely applied in fungi cell factory, and the utilization of strong promoters in filamentous fungi can efficiently improve the transcription level of target genes
Elevated cellulases production Derepression of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and induction of cellulase under repression carbon sources Cellulases expressed under both inducing or non-inducing condition, even in the presence of glucose Increased expression of main cellulases genes and two xylanase genes Cre1 turned into an activator of cellulases and xylanases by truncation Elevated expression of xylanase and β-xylosidase Xylanases expressed at high glucose concentration in the presence of xylose Increase of amylase activity by 30%
Summary
Green biomanufacturing is getting increasing attention because of the serious energy crisis and environment pollution. The strategy of using known regulatory elements for protein production is widely applied in fungi cell factory, and the utilization of strong promoters in filamentous fungi can efficiently improve the transcription level of target genes. The strong promoters such as the promoters of glucoamylase gene (glaA) in A. oryzae, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpdA) in A. nidulans, α-amylase gene (amyB) in A. oryzae, and cellobiose hydrolysis enzyme gene (cbh1) in T. reesei are most commonly used strong promoters and have been successfully applied in the efficient expression of recombinant proteins. Inducible promoters (Weinhandl et al, 2014)
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