Abstract
Emerging applications such as industrial automation, in-vehicle, professional audio-video, and wide area electrical utility networks require strict bounds on the end-to-end network delay. Solutions so far to such a requirement are either impractical or ineffective. Flow based schedulers suggested in a traditional integrated services (IntServ) framework are O(N) or O(log N), where N is the number of flows in the scheduler, which can grow to tens of thousands in a core router. Due to such complexity, class-based schedulers are adopted in real deployments. The class-based systems, however, cannot provide bounded delays in networks with cycle, since the maximum burst grows infinitely along the cycled path. Attaching a regulator in front of a scheduler to limit the maximum burst is considered as a viable solution. International standards, such as IEEE 802.1 time sensitive network (TSN) and IETF deterministic network (DetNet) are adopting this approach as a standard. The regulator in TSN and DetNet, however, requires flow state information, therefore contradicts to the simple class-based schedulers. This paper suggests non-work conserving fair schedulers, called ‘regulating schedulers’ (RSC), which function as a regulator and a scheduler at the same time. A deficit round-robin (DRR) based RSC, called nw-DRR, is devised and proved to be both a fair scheduler and a regulator. Despite the lower complexity, the input port-based nw-DRR is shown to perform better than the current TSN approach, and to bind the end-to-end delay within a few milliseconds in realistic network scenarios.
Highlights
Various emerging applications such as industrial automation, building automation, inter-vehicle network, in-vehicle network, professional audio video (AV) network, and wide-area electrical utility network require strict delay bounds, which range from a few milliseconds to a few seconds
2 is proportional tosystem the sum have The mostmax of complexity, theoutput flow-based the regulator-scheduler is of all the flows in queue
Since the distributed regulators have most of complexity, compare to the flow-based schedulers, the regulator-scheduler system is more plausible for implementation
Summary
Various emerging applications such as industrial automation, building automation, inter-vehicle network, in-vehicle network, professional audio video (AV) network, and wide-area electrical utility network require strict delay bounds, which range from a few milliseconds to a few seconds. The utility network in Quebec, Canada, which includes 60 generating stations, 513 substations, and 10,500 km of optical fiber, carries instantaneous electrical information (current, voltage, active power, etc.) and real-time commands such as trip, open/close relay, etc. This network has a mixed Layer 2 and Layer 3 topology, and requires the deterministic behavior from the network such as bounded delay/jitter and precise timing. The input port-based nw-DRR is shown to perform better than the current TSN approach, and to bind the end-to-end delay within a few milliseconds in realistic network scenarios. The last section discusses the result, the remaining issues, and possible follow up research activities
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
