Abstract
To address dendrite, corrosion and side-reaction issues of metal Zn anode, hollow porous carbon nanospheres (HPCN) are designed to coat Zn anode. The HPCN coating as artificial interface alleviates hydrogen evolution reaction and Zn corrosion. The cavities and mesopores of HPCNs provide plentiful channels for substance transfer, homogenizing Zn2+ flux. The high electronic conductive HPCNs greatly homogenizes electronic field. These leads to low contact angel, nucleation overpotential and activation energy; high Zn2+ transference number and exchange current density. Highly homogeneous Zn2+ flux and electric field strongly regulate Zn plating/stripping behavior, and facilitate the uniform deposition of dense horizontal lamellar Zn under and on the HPCN coating. Zn dendrites induced by 2D diffusion and tip effect are inhibited. The by-products are also limited. Consequently, HPCN coating significantly improves long-term cycling lifespan and plating/stripping efficiency (2420 h at 1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2; 1515 h at 5 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2; 290 h at 10 mA cm−2, 10 mAh cm−2). HPCN@Zn//MnVO full cell sustains discharge capacity of 149 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 1 A/g. Electronic/ionic conductive HPCNs uniquely regulate Zn plating/stripping behavior under and on the coating, stable Zn anode, and shed new light on interface engineering.
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