Abstract
All-perovskite tandem solar cells have the potential to surpass the theoretical efficiency limit of single junction solar cells by reducing thermalization losses. However, the challenges encompass the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ and uncontrolled crystallization kinetics in Sn-Pb perovskites, leading to nonradiative recombination and compositional heterogeneity to decrease photovoltaic efficiency and operational stability. Herein, we introduced an ionic liquid additive, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (EMIMI) into Sn-Pb perovskite precursor to form low-dimensional Sn-rich/pure-Sn perovskites at grain boundaries, which mitigates oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ and regulates the film-forming dynamics of Sn/Pb-based perovskite films. The optimized single-junction Sn-Pb perovskite devices incorporating EMIMI achieved a high efficiency of 22.87%. Furthermore, combined with wide-bandgap perovskite sub-cells in tandem device, we demonstrate 2-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 28.34%, achieving improved operational stability.
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