Abstract
Trends in formation and evolution of nanocrystalline phases in TiO2, ZrO2, and HfO2 powders were studied. The stability of metastable phases increases in the order of HfO2 > ZrO2 > TiO2, and the probability of formation of thermodynamically stable phases increases in the order of TiO2 > ZrO2 > HfO2. The enthalpies of formation were determined for TiO2, ZrO2, and HfO2 nanocrystallites, as well as the activation energies of their subsequent growth. For TiO2 and ZrO2, a phenomenological model was advanced to describe nanocrystallite formation and subsequent polymorphic transformations.
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