Abstract
Comparative study of water confined in highly disperse and porous adsorbents and bioobjects by 1H NMR spectroscopy and thermally stimulated depolarisation current (TSDC) methods at T < 273 K revealed the presence of several dynamic processes linked to the mobility of (i) polar bonds responsible for dipolar relaxations (TSDC) at 90 < T < 200–220 K when the molecular mobility (diffusion) is absent; (ii) water molecules responsible for the 1H NMR spectra at T > 200 K; (iii) protons and ions resulting in direct current (dc) relaxation (TSDC) at T > 210–220 K. According to the 1H NMR spectra recorded on layer-by-layer freezing-out of bulk and interfacial waters bound in solid adsorbents and bioobjects, there are four types of confined water attributed to strongly (Δ G < − 1 kJ/mol) and weakly (Δ G > − 1 kJ/mol) bound and strongly ( δ H = 4–5 ppm) and weakly ( δ H = 1–2 ppm) associated waters. Several factors such as structural, textural and morphological characteristics of adsorbents and bioobjects, partial hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface functionalisation of adsorbents, amounts of water and other co-adsorbates (organic solvents, ions, etc.) affect contributions of the mentioned types of bound water.
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