Abstract
Tooth erosion is becoming an increasingly common dental problem among teenagers. The study aimed to determine risk factors for erosive lesions in young sports professionals. Participants were 155 students—102 physically active and 53 controls. The method included dental examination (including Basic Erosive Wear Examination) and a questionnaire concerning sports activity, dietary and hygienic habits. The sporting activity significantly correlated with erosive lesions (RSpearman = 0.344). The regression model incorporating the kind of sports activity, special diet and (non-)drinking water was statistically significant (p = 0.922 for the Hosmer–Lemeshow test) and strong enough to predict erosive lesions in young athletes (AUC = 0.758). Water sports professionals were almost 14 times more likely to suffer from erosive lesions than control students. Drinking water as the main beverage decreased the odds by about 70%. The graphical interpretation of multidimensional correspondence analysis confirms the predictive value of these factors. The kind of sports activity adjusted by the main beverage and a special diet was the best variable to predict erosive lesions among teenagers. Early proper diagnosis with defined risk factors leads to better prevention and successful treatment.
Highlights
Erosive lesions are caused by acids of nonbacterial origin, e.g., the citric acid contained in the diet, the hydrochloric acid of refluxing stomach contents in gastric disorders
Dentition is divided into sextants, and each tooth in a given sextant is examined for the occurrence of erosion signs and erosive lesions are classified on a 4-grade scale: Grade 0: Grade 1: Grade 2: Grade 3: no erosive changes; initial loss of enamel texture; visible loss of hard tissues under 50% of the surface; and visible loss of hard tissues over 50% of the surface
The summary table of quantities (Table 2) presents the percentage of students exposed to tooth erosion depending on the selected potential risk factor, i.e., type of sport, diet and hygiene habits
Summary
Erosive lesions are caused by acids of nonbacterial origin, e.g., the citric acid contained in the diet, the hydrochloric acid of refluxing stomach contents in gastric disorders. It is essential to conduct a detailed interview to make an accurate diagnosis and to implement appropriate preventive and therapeutic methods. Erosion prevention is based on limiting the frequency of consuming low pH products. Patients should receive oral hygiene instructions such as tooth brushing at least one hour after consumption of products with high acidity and using low abrasive pastes. It is recommended to apply fluoride-free preparations directly on the surface of teeth, e.g., Tooth Mousse GC (containing casein phosphopeptides with amorphous calcium phosphate – CPP-ACP). The effectiveness of the CPP-ACP complex in the prevention of erosion caused by acidic isotonic drinks has been repeatedly described [4,5,6]. In addition to professional dental care, it is necessary to conduct appropriate prohealth education in primary and secondary schools
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