Abstract
BackgroundAlthough high consumption of soft drinks has been associated with excess of type 2 diabetes risk, the strength of this association in the Mexican population, where a type 2 diabetes genetic susceptibility has been well established, has been scarcely studied. This study aimed to estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes due to soft drinks consumption in a cohort of Mexicans.MethodsWe used data on 1445 participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study, a prospective cohort conducted in Cuernavaca, Mexico. Soft drinks consumption was assessed with a semi-quantitative 116-item food frequency questionnaire. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined as self-report of physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose > 126 mg/dl, or hypoglycemic medication at any examination. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsWith a total of 9526.2 person-years of follow-up, 109 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were observed. Type 2 diabetes incidence rate was 7.6, 11.0, and 17.1 per 1000 person-years across levels of soft drinks consumption of < 1, 1–4, and ≥ 5 servings/week, respectively (p < 0.001 for trend). The intake of ≥5 soft drinks/week was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 1.9 95% CI:1.0–3.5) compared with consumption of < 1/week (p-trend = 0.040). The HR was attenuated by further adjustment for body mass index (HR 1.5 95%CI:0.8–2.8) and abdominal obesity (HR 1.6 95%CI:0.8–3.0).ConclusionsThe consumption of soft drinks was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of Mexican adults. Our results further support recommendations to limit soft drinks intake to address the growing diabetes epidemic in Mexico.
Highlights
High consumption of soft drinks has been associated with excess of type 2 diabetes risk, the strength of this association in the Mexican population, where a type 2 diabetes genetic susceptibility has been well established, has been scarcely studied
A previous simulation study in Mexican population estimated that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes will follow a growing trend that could reach a prevalence of 22% in 2050 [5], leading to an increase in the demand for treatment that is unsustainable for any health system in lowand middle-income countries
Our study addresses the need to estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes due to soft drinks consumption among Mexican population
Summary
High consumption of soft drinks has been associated with excess of type 2 diabetes risk, the strength of this association in the Mexican population, where a type 2 diabetes genetic susceptibility has been well established, has been scarcely studied. This study aimed to estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes due to soft drinks consumption in a cohort of Mexicans. Since 2000, type 2 diabetes is the leading cause of death in Mexico, causing the majority of premature deaths [4]. A previous simulation study in Mexican population estimated that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes will follow a growing trend that could reach a prevalence of 22% in 2050 [5], leading to an increase in the demand for treatment that is unsustainable for any health system in lowand middle-income countries. Diet is one of the leading risk factors for diabetes development [7], and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are among the dietary components that contribute most to the total energy intake in Mexican population [8]. Mexico is the country with the greatest mortality due to the consumption of SSBs, estimated to be around 405 per million adults for 2015, whereas one of every six diabetes-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are attributable to these drinks [9]
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