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Abstract
The aim of this article is to measure the impact of basic sanitation services on the mortality rate of children under five years of age (U5MR) in the municipalities of the State of Alagoas, Brazil. A multivariate multiple linear regression model was applied for all 102 cities of Alagoas for data years 1991, 2000 and 2010. The research findings are evidence that access to basic sanitation services in the municipalities of the State of Alagoas, especially household sanitary sewage, is associated with a statistically significant reduction of U5MR, p < 0.01 . The estimates show that the 10% increase in access to household sanitary sewage is associated to a reduction of 5.7 deaths per 1000 born alive (BA). Based on a simulation of universal basic access sanitation services in the municipalities of the State of Alagoas, it is observed that only this public policy would be able to reduce child mortality by more than 94%. The end results of this study are important subsidies to guide basic sanitation policies not only in the State of Alagoas, Brazil, but also in developing regions all over the world, considering the evidences of social and environmental impact.
Highlights
An individual’s welfare is related to a multitude of factors among which health, education and income are determining components for promoting the well-being of human beings [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
Drawing on public data regarding the effects of Brazilian school infrastructure on municipal Human Development Indexes and health conditions, data from the Basic Education Census issued by the National Institute of Studies and Educational Research Anísio Teixeira (NISERAT) was used, along with information systems from the Brazilian Unified Health System (BUHS) Information Technology Department (BUHSITD) and the Brazilian Atlas from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
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Summary
An individual’s welfare is related to a multitude of factors among which health, education and income are determining components for promoting the well-being of human beings [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. From a total of seventeen universal transforming objectives focused on human beings, the SDGs aim at guaranteeing, by 2030, sustainable availability and management of water and universal sanitation, addressing issues such as poverty eradication (Goal 1), clean water and sanitation (Goal 6), inequality reduction (Goal 10) and sustainable cities and communities (Goal 11), among others. The HDI is based on three pillars that measure key dimensions of human development: health, education and income. Researchers and public policy makers have examined other factors that exert influence on the health dimension, including inadequate or absence of basic sanitation [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]
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