Abstract
Peeling of layered materials from supporting substrates, which is central for exfoliation and transfer processes, is found to be dominated by lattice commensurability effects in both low and high velocity limits. For a graphene nanoribbon atop a hexagonal boron nitride surface, the microscopic peeling behavior ranges from stick-slip, through smooth-sliding, to pure peeling regimes, depending on the relative orientation of the contacting surfaces and the peeling angle. The underlying mechanisms stem from the intimate relation between interfacial registry, interlayer interactions, and friction. This, in turn, allows for devising simple models for extracting the interfacial adhesion energy from the peeling force traces.
Highlights
Peeling is an important and ubiquitous process appearing across many length scales ranging from macroscale adhesive tapes[1−3] and textured materials used in paint, coating, and transfer printing technology;[4,5] through microscale biological system, such as the toe pads of ants[6] and geckos;[7−9] down to nanoscale van der Waals materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and transition-metal dichalcogenides.[10−13] It is well known that the latter has unique electronic,[10,14,15] mechanical,[16−18] and frictional properties[19−28] that are best expressed in high-quality singleor few-layered samples
By applying this simulation protocol at various peeling angles to interfaces of different relative orientations between the graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and the h-BN substrate, we reveal that the peeling process strongly depends on the latter
We start the discussion with the nearly commensurate aligned (θ = 0°) contact, which exhibits a relatively large static friction (∼9.1 nN)[46]. For this interface, when the peeling angle is in the range φ ≤ 90°, static friction resists the peeling process resulting in overall higher peeling forces, compared to other GNR orientations
Summary
Peeling is an important and ubiquitous process appearing across many length scales ranging from macroscale adhesive tapes[1−3] and textured materials used in paint, coating, and transfer printing technology;[4,5] through microscale biological system, such as the toe pads of ants[6] and geckos;[7−9] down to nanoscale van der Waals (vdW) materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and transition-metal dichalcogenides.[10−13] It is well known that the latter has unique electronic,[10,14,15] mechanical,[16−18] and frictional properties[19−28] that are best expressed in high-quality singleor few-layered samples. One knows that increasing the peeling angle reduces the resistance of an elastic tape when being removed from a rough surface This phenomenon is well explained by a simple peeling model based on continuum theory, previously proposed by Kendall.[29] Since a variety of peeling models have been proposed and studied extensively in the context of biological systems.[8,9,30,31] Understanding peeling processes in nanoscale material junctions, requires a detailed atomistic description. This, in turn, allows for studying various peeling mechanisms using a single platform
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