Abstract
The paper is devoted to the description of observations over atmospheric and electric effects from volcanic eruptions on Kamchatka peninsula (Russia) and perspectives of their development. To collect information about atmospheric-electric effects accompanying the eruptions of Kamchatka volcanoes, three sensor networks and a VLF radio direction finding station are used. The World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) provides information on high-current lightning discharges that occur during the development of an eruptive cloud (EC). Variations in the electric field of the atmosphere (AEF E z ), during the passage of EC, were obtained by a network of electric field mills at the sites for volcanic activity observations. Seismic detector network was used to make precision reference to the eruptions. Based on the data obtained, a description is given of the dynamics of eruptions of the most active volcanoes in Kamchatka and the Northern Kuril Islands (Shiveluch, Bezymianny, Ebeko). The paper presents a simulation of the response of the atmospheric electric field, which showed that the approximation by the field of distributed charges makes it possible to estimate the volume charges of EC. The fact of a multi-stage volcanic thunderstorm is confirmed. The first stage is associated with the formation of an eruptive column, and the second with the emergence, development and transfer of EC. Registration of electrical and electromagnetic processes in eruptive clouds can be one of the components of complex observations of volcanic eruptions in order to assess the ash hazard for air transport.
Highlights
During explosive volcanic eruptions, magma fragmentation followed by eruptive column and eruptive cloud formation is accompanied by electrification with discharges of different intensity occurring as a result of different physical processes [1,2,3,4].Significant intensity of the electric field in an eruptive column and, subsequently, in an eruptive cloud results in the formation of electric strokes of different intensity
Geodynamic processes, to which we can attribute earthquakes and volcano eruptions, are accompanied by the interaction of geosphere sells. Such interactions manifest as disturbances in geophysical fields of different nature including those in atmospheric electric field (AEF) [12]
A site network for AEF EZ observations was created near active volcanoes on the Kamchatka peninsula and Paramushir
Summary
Magma fragmentation (destruction) followed by eruptive column and eruptive cloud formation is accompanied by electrification with discharges of different intensity occurring as a result of different physical processes [1,2,3,4]. That allows us to record EP with the accuracy up to several microseconds [9] and to determine the locations of strokes from strong volcanic lightning (lightning stroke occurring in an eruptive cloud) to monitor eruptive cloud propagation [8,10,11]. As it was shown in [3], the efficiency of WWLLN detection is 26% for cloud-ground lightning and 10% for cloud-cloud lightning. The paper is devoted to the description of modern observations of atmospheric and electrical effects (changes of potential gradient and lightning activity) from volcano eruptions on the Kamchatka peninsula (Russian) and prospective of their development
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