Abstract

This chapter briefly explains the general and geographical features of Slovenia, a country located in Central Europe bordering Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia. Geographically, it is situated where four large European regions meet—the Alps, the Pannonian Basin, the Dinaric Mountains, and the Mediterranean. This endows Slovenia with extreme natural diversity, probably one of the highest levels in Europe. As a result of this situation, there are five main natural regions in Slovenia: (1) the mountainous Alpine Region—glacially reshaped and transformed, it features the highest altitudes, the steepest slopes, and high rates of precipitation; (2) the hilly, largely forested Pre-Alpine Region, with swift alternations between carbonate and noncarbonate parent materials; (3) the forested and agricultural Karstic–Dinaric Region, with an absence of surface waters and the absolute dominance of soluble and permeable limestone and dolomite; (4) the lowland Sub-Pannonian Region, with its hot continental climate in summer, significantly lower mean annual precipitation, undulating hills, and flat river plains; and, finally, (5) the warmest of them all, the Sub-Mediterranean Region—the coast of the Adriatic Sea.

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