Abstract
T | SHE proliferation of regional organizations since I945 is one of the most significant developments of contemporary international relations. Certainly it was not foreseen by the framers of the United Nations' Charter who believed that regionalism must be subordinated to the universal approach to peace and security. What then is the relationship between such organizations and the United Nations in terms of the maintenance of peace and security? Is regionalism a symptom or a cause of international disorder? Assuming the continued growth of regional organizations, what possibilities are there of eventually promoting world order? Do regional organizations reflect a movement away from exclusive reliance on the nation-state as the basic unit in international relations? These questions are suggested by the increasing prominence of regional groups in world affairs today. This article attempts to suggest tentative answers by examining the reasons for the growth of contemporary regionalism, the lines of compatibility and conflict between regional and universal forms of international organization, and the relationship between regionalism and the concept of a world order; and these answers are based on the assumption that the growth of regionalism has been more a pragmatic response to the changing dynamics of international politics than the outcome of a conviction that regionalism was theoretically superior to universalism as a form of international cooperation. Regionalism as an institutional form of international cooperation is often identified with the number of security agencies that have developed since I945 such as N.A.T.O., S.E.A.T.O., and the Warsaw Pact. But there are numerous examples of regional economic and social organizations, especially in Western Europe. The European Economic Community, European Coal and Steel Community and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development are important regional agencies. In the Latin American area a new Inter-American Development Bank has recently been formed as well as a Free Trade Association between nine of the republics.' In South Asia the Colombo Plan organization, comprising both economically advanced and under-developed States, serves to channel important economic aid and technical assistance into the area. It seems
Highlights
Er meint, solange die Welt durch inten" sive ideologische und Machtkonflikte geteilt bleibe, werde auch die Dezentra lisierung politischer Macht in regionalen Gruppen fortbestehen, mit allen darin begründeten Spannungen für die inter nationale Ordnung
Schon bald nach 1 945 haben die Schwierigkeiten in den Vereinten Nationen und in der inter nationalen Gesamtordnung überhaupt dazu geführt, daß zahlreiche Regional organisationen, insbesondere auf dem Gebiet der militärischen Sicherheit, ent standen, die als Ersatz für das mangel hafte Universalsystem wirken sollten
Es ist daher nicht verwunderlich, daß diese Staaten, in erster Linie die USA, sich um das Zu standekommen bilateraler und multila teraler Sicherheitspakte bemüht haben, als deutlich geworden war, daß der Pa zifik erneut zum Spannungsfeld ersten
Summary
Solange die Welt durch inten" sive ideologische und Machtkonflikte geteilt bleibe, werde auch die Dezentra lisierung politischer Macht in regionalen Gruppen fortbestehen, mit allen darin begründeten Spannungen für die inter nationale Ordnung. Yalem behauptet in seiner Studie über den Regionalismus, daß dieser, obwohl er theoretisch mit einer internationalen Gesamtordnung, wie etwa der Organi sation der Vereinten Nationen, durch aus vereinbar und als Ergänzung zu ihr denkbar ist, praktisch in diesem Sinne allerdings nur funktionieren könne, wenn die Regionalorganisationen der Universalordnung untergeordnet und bis zu einem gewissen Grade von ihr kontrolliert würden.
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