Abstract
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is one of the most widely recognized green building rating systems. With more than 20% of the projects certified in non-United States (US) countries, LEED’s global impact has been increasing and it is critically important for developers and regulatory authorities to understand LEED’s performance at the country level to facilitate global implementation. This study therefore aims to investigate the credit achievement pattern of LEED 2009, which is one of the well-developed versions of LEED, by using 4021 certified projects in the US, China, Turkey, and Brazil. The results show that significant differences can be identified on most rating categories, including sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, indoor environmental quality, and innovation in design. Using a post hoc analysis, country-specific credit allocation patterns are also identified to help developers to understand existing country-specific green building practices. In addition, it is also found that there is unbalanced achievement of regional priority credits. The study offers a useful reference and benchmark for international developers and contractors to understand the regional variations of LEED 2009 and for regulatory authorities, such as the U.S. Green Building Council, to improve the rating system, especially on designing regional priority credits.
Highlights
Green building, as a way of addressing sustainable development in the construction industry, has been increasing recognized [1,2,3]
Through a detailed analysis of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) credits that are obtained by green buildings in the US, it is confirmed that various regions in the United States perform differently as demonstrated by the LEED scores [15]
If there are significant differences found in the Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn’s test can help identify where the significant differences are To test whether the mean credits of two different countries are equal To identify the most important predictors in LEED rating in the four countries
Summary
As a way of addressing sustainable development in the construction industry, has been increasing recognized [1,2,3] It refers to the design and construction of a building that can suit local conditions from culture, community to specific site conditions, in order to achieve reduced energy consumption, water consumption, and environmental impacts [4]. According to [9], more than 31,000 projects have been certified by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) new construction by the end of 2017 globally. The aim of such rating systems is to systematically evaluate the performance of buildings from various aspects. A major improvement in LEED 2009 is that regional differences are incorporated into selected LEED credits through either regional priority points or alternative compliance paths
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