Regional variations of child development index in Bangladesh

Md Ismail Hossain,Iqramul Haq,Maliha Afroj Zinnia,Mafruha Sultana Mila,Md Iqbal Hossain Nayan

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07140

Md Ismail Hossain, Iqramul Haq + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07140

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Abstract

Early development is a vital phase in childhood life. The study aimed to identify factors that were associated with the early development of 36–59 months children in Bangladesh. The findings of this study will formulate the design of appropriate policy and programmed responses.Utilizing Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data, influencing components of child development status were evaluated for both rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. A total of 23,099 children under the age of five were included in this analysis. Chi-square analysis was conducted to assess the association between outcome variables and selected covariates. At the same time, this study uses two separate multivariate binary logistics regression models (respectively for urban areas and rural areas) to determine the risk factors that are primarily related to child development.Our research estimates that more than 70 percent of children develop early throughout the country. The multivariate analysis on the determinants of child development index among children aged between 36 and 59 months old regarding residence discovered a significant impact on child age and sex, maternal education, child education, wealth status, reading children's books. The adjusted odds of child nutrition status, playthings, and maternal functional difficulties have had a major impact on early child development in rural Bangladesh.Based on the findings, educational status, nutritional status, wealth-status, and some determinants of children care the most noteworthy findings in this study. Hence, policymakers should emphasize on such factors for improving children's development in residence.

Highlights

The development of children is the primary determinant that affects the health of children throughout their lives [1]
Division occupying the highest Early Child Development Index (ECDI) indicates that the children below five years in that area had completed at least three domains
More surveillance is needed in the lowest ECDI area for improvement

Summary

Introduction

The development of children is the primary determinant that affects the health of children throughout their lives [1]. Two Lancet series, published in 2007 and 2011, were conducted on child development for developing countries. These articles reported that in low and middle-income countries around 219 million children (39 percent) under five years of age are at threat not to reach their developmental potential. In these countries, children lack adequate earning skills as they grow up, resulting in an average annual deficit of adult income of 19.8 percent which attracts worldwide attention [8, 9]. Child Age 36–47 Months 48–59 Months p-value Child Sex Male Female p-value Mother's Education No Education Primary Education Secondary and above p-value Early Childhood Education Attending Not attending p-value Wealth Status Poor Middle Rich p-value Children Nutrition Status Severe Malnourished Moderate Malnourished Nourished p-value Reading Children's Books ! 3 books < 3 books p-value Having Playthings Yes No p-value Mother's Functional Difficulties Has functional difficulty Has no functional difficulty p-value Yes (%)

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Discussion

Conclusion