Regional variability of factors controlling the onset timing and magnitude of spring algal blooms in the northwestern North Pacific

Abstract

Satellite imagery and oceanographic data collected between 2003 and 2009 were used to examine factors controlling the onset timing and magnitude of spring algal blooms in the northwestern North Pacific. Consistent with the critical depth hypothesis, the spring bloom onsets coincided with the mixed layer depth (MLD) shoaling in the north of the Kuroshio extension and in Oyashio, where complex frontal physical structures and turbulence weakening, respectively, would be responsible for the MLD shoaling. In contrast, in the formation regions of the dense central mode water (D‐CMW) and the transition region mode water (TRMW), bloom onsets coincided with possible turbulence weakening but not with MLD shoaling. The peak of chlorophyll a in the formation regions of the D‐CMW (0.44 ± 0.23 mg m−3) and the TRMW (0.58 ± 0.34 mg m−3) were ca. 5 times lower than that in the Oyashio (2.54 ± 0.74 mg m−3), despite the fact that nitrate concentration during the prebloom period was high (∼10 µM) and MLDs became shallow enough at the bloom peak in all the three regions. These observations indicated that light conditions and nitrate concentration did not explain the regional variability in the magnitude of spring blooms. The bloom magnitude west of ca. 150°E and in the north Kuroshio extension was increased relative to that in the eastern region, suggesting a chemical property in the water delivered from the Okhotsk Sea that would influence the western bloom. Our results demonstrated that factors controlling the timing and magnitude of spring algal blooms depend on the physicochemical regime in the northwestern North Pacific.