Abstract
Regional disparities exist between states as well as within countries. In the Federal Republic of Germany, as a result of reunification, there are still considerable regional differences in terms of economic conditions. Local economic and structural circumstances affect individual employment opportunities and can be a motive for migration. Based on rational-economic approaches, the article examines the spatial labor market behavior of full-time employees subject to social security contributions, taking into account individual, firm-specific and regional characteristics. Workplace mobility is analyzed as a job move between the macro regions of North, South and East Germany. For this purpose, a linked employer-employee dataset (LIAB) from the “Institute for Employment Research” is used, supplemented by regional structural indicators (INKAR) at the level of the spatial planning regions. The analyses using binary logistic regression models show that transregional mobility especially depends on individual characteristics such as age and qualifications. Regarding regional features, it can be seen that the emigration tendency of younger employees increases with the local level of unemployment. Overall, the results do not indicate that there is a single-track brain drain from structurally weak regions. Nevertheless, these regions face a problem in age-specific migration patterns. The outflow of young workers weakens structurally poor areas directly and permanently.
Highlights
Economic and social inequality has a spatial dimension
The LIAB longitudinal dataset used covers the period between 1993 and 2010 and includes the career paths of all those employed for at least one day in a company covered by the establishment panel who were subject to social security contributions between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009. This database has been complemented with regional structural indicators on the level of the spatial planning regions (Raumordnungsregionen), which are provided by the INKAR dataset of the Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR)
We first of all look at the development of regional structural indicators over time and at migration movements and directions between the large regions of Germany
Summary
Regionale Mobilität und räumliche Ungleichheit: Einflussfaktoren des räumlichen Arbeitsmarktverhaltens unter der Berücksichtigung betrieblicher und regionaler Charakteristika. Diese regionalen Kontextbedingungen beeinflussen die individuellen Beschäftigungschancen und können ein Motiv für Wanderung sein. Ausgehend von rational-ökonomisch argumentierenden Ansätzen untersucht der Beitrag das räumliche Arbeitsmarktverhalten von sozialversicherungspflichtigen Vollzeitbeschäftigten unter Berücksichtigung von individuellen, betriebsspezifischen und regionalen Merkmalen. Betrachtet wird die Arbeitsortmobilität zwischen deutschen Großregionen Nord-, Süd- und Ostdeutschlands. Dazu wird auf einen integrierten Betriebs- und Personendatensatz (LIAB) des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung zurückgegriffen, der um regionale Strukturindikatoren (INKAR) auf der Ebene der Raumordnungsregionen ergänzt wurde. Die Analysen mittels binärer logistischer Regressionsmodelle zeigen, dass die Arbeitsortmobilität zwischen Großregionen vor allem von den individuellen Charakteristika – dem Lebensalter und der beruflichen Qualifikation – abhängt. Insgesamt sprechen die Ergebnisse nicht für eine (einseitig gerichtete) Abwanderung von Fachkräften aus strukturschwachen Regionen.
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