Abstract
BackgroundGlobal longitudinal systolic strain (GLS) has recently been demonstrated to be a superior prognosticator to conventional echocardiographic measures in patients after myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of regional longitudinal myocardial deformation in comparison to GLS, conventional echocardiography and clinical information.MethodIn total 391 patients were admitted with ST-Segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention and subsequently examined by echocardiography. All patients were examined by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and two-dimensional strain echocardiography (2DSE).ResultsDuring a median-follow-up of 5.3 (IQR 2.5–6.1) years the primary endpoint (death, heart failure or a new MI) was reached by 145 (38.9%) patients. After adjustment for significant confounders (including conventional echocardiographic parameters) and culprit lesion, reduced longitudinal performance in the anterior septal and inferior myocardial regions (but not GLS) remained independent predictors of the combined outcome. Furthermore, inferior myocardial longitudinal deformation provided incremental prognostic information to clinical and conventional echocardiographic information (Harrell's c-statistics: 0.63 vs. 0.67, p = 0.032). In addition, impaired longitudinal deformation outside the culprit lesion perfusion region was significantly associated with an adverse outcome (p<0.05 for all deformation parameters).ConclusionRegional longitudinal myocardial deformation measures, regardless if determined by TDI or 2DSE, are superior prognosticators to GLS. In addition, impaired longitudinal deformation in the inferior myocardial segment provides prognostic information over and above clinical and conventional echocardiographic risk factors. Furthermore, impaired longitudinal deformation outside the culprit lesion perfusion region seems to be a paramount marker of adverse outcome.
Highlights
Mechanical reperfusion and aggressive antiplatelet in combination with anticoagulant therapy have markedly improved outcome for patients with a ST-Segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)[1]
Impaired longitudinal deformation outside the culprit lesion perfusion region seems to be a paramount marker of adverse outcome
The studies which have evaluated the usefulness of the novel myocardial deformation measures in patient with MI have focused on the prognostic utility of only global longitudinal deformation parameters such as global strain and strain rate[7,8,9,10,11]
Summary
Mechanical reperfusion and aggressive antiplatelet in combination with anticoagulant therapy have markedly improved outcome for patients with a ST-Segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)[1]. Evaluating regional myocardial dysfunction by visually assessing the wall motion score index (WMSI), has been demonstrated to be superior to the volumetric measures of LV global function in regard to predict outcome following MI[5,6]. Novel echocardiographic techniques such as tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and two-dimensional strain echocardiography (2DSE), which both provide objective measures of myocardial deformation, have in recent studies been demonstrated superior prognosticators to the conventional measures of global (LVEF) and regional (WMSI) LV systolic function[7,8,9,10,11]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of regional longitudinal myocardial deformation in comparison to GLS, conventional echocardiography and clinical information
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