Abstract

Mucosal immunity is influenced in large part by the dynamic interplay between various intestinal antigen‐presenting cell subsets and T lymphocytes. Using 10‐color flow cytometry, we have defined the major DC and macrophage subsets in the small and large intestine LP as distinguishable by the reciprocal expression of CD103 and F4/80, respectively, and not exclusively by CD11b or CD11c. Intestinal F4/80+ macrophages expressed IL‐10, TGF‐β, retinoic acid‐generating enzymes and promoted the differentiation of inducible FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Alternatively, CD11b+, but not CD11b−, CD103+ LP DCs expressed IL‐6 and TGF‐β as well as retinoic acid‐generating enzymes and efficiently induced the differentiation of TH‐17 cells. These CD103+ LP DC subsets displayed striking region‐specific localization along the intestine with CD11b−CD103+ LP DCs appearing most abundantly in the large intestine while CD11b+CD103+ LP DCs were most prevalent in the upper small intestine. The distribution pattern of CD11b+CD103+ LP DCs in particular correlated with the representation of TH‐17 cells in the intestine and during intestinal inflammation CD11b+CD103+ LP DCs accumulated in the colonic LP as did TH‐17 cells. Our results suggest that CD11b+CD103+ LP DCs may be targets for modulating IL‐17 producing T cell responses during intestinal inflammation.

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