Regional left ventricular longitudinal strain and heart failure in a low-risk community

Abstract

Abstract Background Global longitudinal strain is a well-established prognosticator of heart failure (HF) in the general population. The prognostic values of regional left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain of the basal, mid and apical regions remain unexplored in the general population. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between regional LV strain and incident HF in the general population. Methods This prospective cohort study included randomly selected citizens from a major metropolitan area. All participants were examined with echocardiography. The outcome was incident HF. Participants were excluded if regional LV strain was not assessable in all 3 LV regions or if they had atrial fibrillation or HF at baseline. A multivariable Cox regression model adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, history of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, LV mass index, LV ejection fraction and E/e’ was used. Results A total of 3,952 individuals were included. Mean age was 56±18 years and 43% were male. Mean basal, mid, and apical LV strain was 16.4±2.6%, 19.5±2.6 and 22.8±3.6% respectively. Median follow-up was 5.4 years (IQR: 4.4; 6.3) and 99 developed HF. In multivariable Cox regressions models, only decreasing LV basal strain was associated with future HF (HR = 1.18, 95%CI (1.06; 1.32), P = 0.003, per 1% decrease) (Figure 1). Additionally, LV basal strain provided incremental prognostic information regarding future HF to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities HF risk score (continuous net reclassification index = 0.468, 95% CI (0.155; 0.687)). Conclusion In individuals from the general population, basal LV strain entailed incremental prognostic information regarding the risk of incident HF.Basal strain and incident HF