Abstract

The mid 1970s was a major turning point in Europe dividing the Fordist 'golden age', in which unprecedentedly fast economic growth went hand in hand with marked regional convergence, from a post-Fordist era in which growth rates were halved and inequalities increased. With the supply and demand side crises that undermined the Fordist model and the switch to neo-liberal ideologies and programmes, a virtuous circle of convergence and growth was thrown into reverse gear. Supply-side adjustments led to increased metropolitan polarization and to inequalities between areas. Globalization generated self-reinforcing trends towards increased economic interdependence, reduced national autonomy and increased economic integration. In the currently dominant neo-liberal conditions of integration in Europe, competitive mechanisms of regional adjustment are deflationary and increase inequalities. Attention is paid to the shape of an alternative macrogeographical framework which can regulate the contemporary contradictions of regional development in the European Union (EU).

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