Regional haemodynamic effects of endothelin‐1 and endothelin‐3 in conscious Long Evans and Brattleboro rats

Abstract

1. The regional haemodynamic effects of bolus doses (4 and 40 pmol) and infusions (12 and 120 pmol h-1) of endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 were assessed in conscious, Long Evans and Brattleboro (i.e. vasopressin-deficient) rats, chronically-instrumented with pulsed Doppler flow probes. 2. In both strains of rat the lower bolus dose of endothelin-1 caused only a slight pressor effect, but there were marked renal and mesenteric vasoconstrictions and hindquarters vasodilatation. 3. The lower bolus dose of endothelin-3 did not affect blood pressure significantly, although the changes in regional haemodynamics were qualitatively similar to those seen following endothelin-1 in Long Evans and Brattleboro rats. 4. The higher dose of endothelin-1 caused an initial hypotension accompanied by substantial hindquarters vasodilatations in Long Evans and Brattleboro rats. Subsequently, in both strains, there was a rise in blood pressure accompanied by renal, mesenteric and hindquarters vasoconstrictions. 5. The higher bolus dose of endothelin-3 caused initial hypotension and hindquarters vasodilatation similar to those seen with endothelin-1. However, the subsequent pressor effect was less with endothelin-3, as was the renal vasoconstriction, and it did not cause any increase in hindquarters vascular resistance. 6. Infusion of endothelin-1 at the lower rate (12 pmol h-1) caused renal and mesenteric vasoconstrictions in both strains of rat, whereas endothelin-3 at this rate caused only mesenteric vasoconstriction. 7. Infusion of endothelin-1 at the higher rate (120 pmol h-1) caused progressive hypertension and vasoconstrictions in all three vascular beds studied; these were similar in both strains of rat. Endothelin-3 had a smaller pressor effect and a lesser constrictor action on the renal and mesenteric vascular beds; it did not constrict the hindquarters vascular bed. 8. These results show, that in conscious Long Evans and Brattleboro rats, the initial depressor effects of the higher bolus doses of endothelin-1 and -3 were similar, and, hence, not influenced by the absence of endogenous vasopressin. Endothelin-1 and -3 appear equipotent in their initial hyperaemic vasodilator effects in the hindquarters vasculature in both strains, making it unlikely that this effect is dependent on the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), since ANP does not cause significant increases in hindquarters blood flow in Brattleboro rats. The greater delayed pressor effect of endothelin-1 is associated with its more marked vasoconstrictor effects on renal and mesenteric vascular beds and is accentuated, relative to endothelin-3, by the lack of a constrictor effect of endothelin-3 in the hindquarters vasculature.