Abstract
Abstract. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data were used to produce geological maps in tropical environments. Lineament, lithology and landform maps were produced for all states in peninsular Malaysia in this study. Kedah, Perak and Terengganu states have been selected as case studies to demonstrate the results of the data and techniques used. Directional filtering technique was applied to Landsat TM bands 4, 5 and 3 for lineament mapping. The lithology map was produced using Landsat TM bands combination consist of bands 4, 3 and 2. Digital elevation model and landform map were produced using SRTM data in 3 Dimension (3D) and 2 Dimension (2D) perspective views, respectively. The produced geological maps and the remote sensing data and methods applied in this study are mostly appropriate for hazard risk mapping applications and mineral exploration projects in the peninsular Malaysia and tropical environments.
Highlights
Remote sensing data enable direct observation of land surfaces at repetitive intervals and allow mapping of a large extent of the land surfaces
The geological maps, including lineament, lithology and landform for all states in Malaysia were produced from the image processing techniques implemented to Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data in this study
This study indicates the capability of the remote sensing data to produce geological maps for tropical regions
Summary
Remote sensing data enable direct observation of land surfaces at repetitive intervals and allow mapping of a large extent of the land surfaces. Geological mapping involves the identification of landforms, types of rock and the structure of rocks (folds, faults and fractures). All these geological units and structures are portrayed on maps in their correct spatial relationship with one another. Remote sensing data provides many advantages for improving the regional geological mapping process (Hashim et al, 2013; Pour and Hashim 2014, 2015). Interpretation of satellite images for geological mapping is normally based on the indirect evidence that can be visible at the surface. The distribution of vegetation can often be used as an indirect indicator of the composition of the underlying rock material in tropical environments
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