Regional Farmers’ Perception and Societal Issues in Vineyards Affected by High Erosion Rates

Artemi Cerdà,Jesús Rodrigo-Comino

doi:10.3390/land10020205

Abstract

We explore the current situation in a viticultural region in Eastern Spain from a holistic and multifaceted research approach, which allowed us to understand the biophysical conditions, economic cost, social impact, and perception of the farmers’ community to the use of catch crops. A survey of the perception of the farmers, and an assessment of the biophysical impact of catch crops (CC) and tillage (C = Control plot) on soil organic matter, bulk density, infiltration capacity (single ring infiltrometer), and runoff generation and soil erosion (rainfall simulation experiments) was carried out. Two representative fields as study sites were selected in Les Alcusses valley, within Els Alforins wine production region. The results show that the use of CC increased soil organic matter, favored higher infiltration rates and runoff generation was delayed. Moreover, runoff rates and soil erosion were lowered. The perception of the farmers was mainly against the use of catch crops due to their view as it being ‘dirty’, their cost, and the loss of their reputation and respect by other farmers. Our survey proves that the farmers would accept the catch crops if a subsidy of 76.56 € ha−1 on average would be paid. Farmers see the use of a catch crop more as a benefit for the health of the Planet than for themselves. To achieve land degradation neutrality, education and dissemination programs should be developed to teach and inform the farmers of their key role in the proper management of vineyards.

Highlights

IntroductionVineyards are well-known as bucolic landscapes that the scientific investigations show as a non-sustainable practice due to high soil erosion rates (in some areas higher than 10 Mg ha−1 yr−1 [1,2]) and degraded soils
Vineyards are well-known as bucolic landscapes that the scientific investigations show as a non-sustainable practice due to high soil erosion rates and degraded soils
In our experimental approach at the Terres dels Alforins wine production region, we found that soil erosion under tillage is very high on vineyards, which confirms previous findings in different regions throughout the world [16]

Summary

Introduction

Vineyards are well-known as bucolic landscapes that the scientific investigations show as a non-sustainable practice due to high soil erosion rates (in some areas higher than 10 Mg ha−1 yr−1 [1,2]) and degraded soils. Vineyards today are not sustainable as a consequence of intense chemical agriculture based on bare soils that trigger erosion rates, biocides that damage the biodiversity, and the aging of the farmers’ population that risk the farmers’ replacement and succession [10,11]. To understand these issues, surveying farmers’ and stakeholders’ perception is key as other authors demonstrated in the Mediterranean belt [12,13] or developing countries [14,15]. A survey assesses in situ the “real” situation that rural inhabitants are facing daily, which will allow developing models at the regional scale

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Methods

Discussion

Conclusion