Abstract

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is not a region easily associated with economic integration. It more readily conjures up images of geopolitical discord, state-led economies, authoritarian regimes and oil Sheikdoms that fear the reverberations of political liberalization that might come with economic openness.1 Indeed, early attempts at regional integration from the 1950s until the 1980s failed unequivocally,2 and only in the last few years can it be said that any real progress has been made. The economic gains anticipated from MENA integration, by any estimate, are evidently not so dramatic3 as to have overcome domestic and regional political obstacles; and at the same time, in no other region of the world is the project of regional economic integration so politicized, in the sense that it is driven more by the idea of peace and stability through trade than by rational economic logic.4

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