Regional Differences in the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Older People in Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition, and that is strongly associated with morbimortality outcomes. The optimal way to diagnose sarcopenia is currently a matter of debate. Despite evidence suggesting differences in body composition and physical performance of individuals from different regions, the diagnosis of sarcopenia in Brazil is still conducted using cutoff values established by international consensus. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish cutoff values for appendicular muscle mass and muscle strength in a population of elderly outpatients with cardiovascular diseases from the city of São Paulo, using this data to compare populations with sarcopenia diagnosed in Brazil with individuals diagnosed using the European consensus values. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis including 502 older individuals from the SARCOS-Brazil study. All subjects underwent densitometry to assess muscle mass and measure strength using a manual dynamometer. The cutoff values for the SARCOS-Brazil criteria were obtained from the 25th percentile of each variable. Results and Discussion: There was no difference in the prevalence of muscle weakness using the two methods (180 patients, 35.9% of the sample). However, a difference was observed concerning low muscle mass. According to the European criteria, a total of 215 older individuals (42.8%) had low muscle mass and 123 (24.5%) according to the SARCOS-Brazil criteria. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 20.3% according to European criteria versus 13.7% according to the SARCOS-Brazil criteria. The kappa coefficient was 0.79. Conclusion: This study suggests that weakness and muscle mass can, in isolation, predict variables related to past vulnerability outcomes, as well as highlights the possibility of using regional cutoff values for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Keywords: Sarcopenia; Aging; Muscle mass; Muscle strength