Abstract
Lower Cretaceous sandstones of the muddy formation have produced a number of significant hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Powder River basin. These reservoir sandstones are accumulated in a variety of fluvial, deltaic, and shallow marine environments. The porosity and permeability of muddy sandstones are affected significantly by the amount and composition of diagenetic clay minerals. Diagenetic clay mineral assemblages within the muddy sandstones are time controlled. Oldest muddy sandstones (sedimentologic zones 5 and 6) are characterized by a kaolinite-chlorite-illite-quartz assemblage with some smectite. Intermediate muddy sandstones (sedimentologic zones 3 and 4) are characterized by an illite-smectite assemblage with sporadic chlorite, quartz, and kaolinite. Youngest muddy sandstones (sedimentologic zones 1 and 2) are characterized by a kaolinite-quartz assemblage.
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