Abstract
Monitoring regional terrestrial water load deformation is of great significance to the dynamic maintenance and hydrodynamic study of the regional benchmark framework. In view of the lack of a spatial interpolation method based on the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) elevation time series for obtaining terrestrial water load deformation information, this paper proposes to employ a CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Stations) network combined with environmental loading data, such as ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) atmospheric data, the GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System) hydrological model, and MSLA (Mean Sea Level Anomaly) data. Based on the load deformation theory and spherical harmonic analysis method, we took 38 CORS stations in southeast Zhejiang province as an example and comprehensively determined the vertical deformation of the crust as caused by regional terrestrial water load changes from January 2015 to December 2017, and then compared these data with the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite. The results show that the vertical deformation value of the terrestrial water load in southeast Zhejiang, as monitored by the CORS network, can reach a centimeter, and the amplitude changes from −1.8 cm to 2.4 cm. The seasonal change is obvious, and the spatial distribution takes a ladder form from inland to coastal regions. The surface vertical deformation caused by groundwater load changes in the east–west–south–north–central sub-regions show obvious fluctuations from 2015 to 2017, and the trends of the five sub-regions are consistent. The amplitude of surface vertical deformation caused by groundwater load change in the west is higher than that in the east. We tested the use of GRACE for the verification of CORS network monitoring results and found a relatively consistent temporal distribution between both data sets after phase delay correction on GRACE, except for in three months—November in 2015, and January and February in 2016. The results show that the comprehensive solution based on the CORS network can effectively improve the monitoring of crustal vertical deformation during regional terrestrial water load change.
Highlights
We present a comprehensive calculation method, based on CORS network and environmental load data, for quantitatively monitoring the crust vertical deformation caused by terrestrial water load in southeast Zhejiang
The surface vertical deformation caused by groundwater load change in the east–west–south–north–central sub-regions shows obvious fluctuations; The vertical deformation of terrestrial water load based on the comprehensive calculation of the CORS network can reflect spatial–temporal characteristics more precisely than Gravity ery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
The signal strength of GRACE’s monitoring results has no significant effect on the spatial distribution, while the results derived from the CORS network show that a stronger signal in the west than in the east
Summary
Are the material basis for human survival and development [2]. As it is affected by environmental factors, such as meteorology and human actions, TWS (terrestrial water storage) changes with time. Through the calculation and analysis of continuous observation data from CORS, we can study regional crustal deformation as a whole, and the influence of global or local TWS load, atmospheric load, GWS (groundwater storage), and other changes on crustal deformation. TWS changes can be quantitatively inverted using GRACE gravity satellites [5,6]. The GRACE, launched in 2002, can provide effective time-variable gravity field observations and climate testing. Surface displacement can be observed in real time using the GNSS
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