Abstract
Evaluating the potential productivity of the terrestrial ecosystem is extremely important to ascertain the threshold of vegetation productivity, to maximize the utilization of regional climate resources, carbon sequestration and to mitigate climate warming caused by rising CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentrations. However, most previous studies neglected the optimum state of natural vegetation without human intervention and regional change trend of vegetation under future climate change. In this study, variations in spatio-temporal distributions of climate potential productivity (CPP) over China from 1980 to 2018 are analyzed with the synthetic estimating model. A comprehensive regionalization method (Principal components analysis, PCA) based on standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and statistical analysis methods are adopted to assess CPP and its response to the climate change in different regions of China. The results demonstrate that the global temperature rising and precipitation decreasing have obvious effects on the productivity of terrestrial ecosystem and its spatio-temporal distribution in different sub-regions and ecosystems. Among them, precipitation is the dominant factor, and temperature significantly affects some regions such as Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Northeast China (NE) with high-altitude or high-latitude. The optimum temperature for the CPP in Xinjiang (XJ) region and Northwest China (NW) is 7.5°C and 8°C, respectively. With regards to the ecosystems, the CPP of grassland shows complex trends in XJ, Southwest China (SW), NE, and TP; especially in XJ (NE), the CPP shows a decreasing (an increasing) trend when the temperature is more than 7.5°C (0°C). Linear correlations occur between farmland CPP and temperature in each sub-region except for XJ. The same situation also exists at forest CPP, especially in TP, NE and NC regions. However, under the temperature increasing and precipitation decreasing, there are slight adverse impacts on the CPP of vegetation at the national scale, indicating that drier and warmer climate are detrimental for vegetation growth.
Highlights
This paper explores the spatio-temporal variation of Climate potential productivity (CPP) in different sub-regions of China from 1980 to 2018 using standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) based on Principal component analysis (PCA) (Principal components analysis) methods
PCA REGIONALIZATION In order to reveal the characteristics of CPP influenced by the climate factors at a sub-regional scale, the study area is divided into 8 sub-regions based on SPEI12 using the PCA and the Varimax rotation methods
The validation results show that the Bartlett’s test p-value is very low (
Summary
Climate change leads to variations in the global distribution of surface temperature and precipitation, which has a profound influence on regional resource allocation, carbon and water. Optimum utilization of regional climate resources is an urgent need for ecosystem protection and management under the background of climate change. Climate potential productivity (CPP) represents the vegetation can make full use of the climate resources, such as light, heat and water when other factors are in the optimum state, which can obtain the maximum biological or economic yield produced by photosynthesis per unit area and per unit time [5], [8]–[10]. Understanding the CPP of vegetation can reveal the relationship between productivity and climate factors and predict the future development of vegetation production capacity according to the trend of global climate [11]–[14]
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