Regional analysis of posterior corneal elevation after laser refractive surgeries for correction of myopia of different degrees.

Abstract

To evaluate regional changes in the posterior corneal elevation after three laser refractive surgeries for correction of myopia of different degrees. Retrospective, comparative, and non-randomized study. Two hundred patients (200 eyes) who underwent laser epithelial keratoplasty (LASEK), femtosecond-assisted laser in-situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK), and small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) were included in this study. According to preoperative spherical equivalent (SE), each surgical group was divided into two refractive subgroups: low-to-moderate myopia (LM group) and high myopia (H group). The posterior corneal elevation from Pentacam Scheimpflug tomography was analyzed preoperatively and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Three subregions of the posterior cornea were divided in this study as the central, paracentral, and peripheral regions. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). For all three surgical groups, similar changing trends were seen in the two refractive subgroups. H group presented a larger changing magnitude than the LM group in FS-LASIK over time (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was noted in the two refractive subgroups of LASEK or SMILE (P > 0.05). At 12 months postoperatively, the central posterior corneal elevation returned to the preoperative level in LASEK (P > 0.05) but shifted forward significantly in FS-LASIK and SMILE (P < 0.05). Different posterior corneal regions respond differently to corneal refractive surgeries. LASEK, FS-LASIK, and SMILE demonstrate different trends in the regional changes in posterior corneal elevation. The corneal shape seems more stable in LASEK than in FS-LASIK and SMILE.