Abstract
Ao lado das Revoluções decorrentes de longas guerras anticoloniais como Angola, Moçambique, Guiné-Bissau e Zimbábue, desenvolveu-se um elemento inovador, os Golpes Militares de novo tipo, que introduziram regimes revolucionários autodenominados marxistas-leninistas. É o caso da Somália (1969) e da Etiópia (1974), o caso mais emblemático, mas também de quatro países francófonos: Congo-Brazzaville (1968), Daomey/Benin (1972-74), Madagascar (1975) e Alto Volta/Burkina Faso (1983), que estabeleceram Regimes ao longo das décadas de 1970 e 1980. As originais e polêmicas experiências revolucionárias aqui apresentadas, os Regimes Militares Marxistas, são diferentes dos primeiros Estados regidos pelo chamado “Socialismo Africano” logo após a independência, na passagem dos anos 1950 aos 1960: Gana (1957), Guiné (1958), Mali (1960), Tanzânia (1961), Zâmbia (1964) e Argélia (1962).
Highlights
The historical dimension is used in a limited or selective way in the analysis of contemporary international relations, and it needs to be developed
International Relations, as an area dominated by political science, has been a field of study marked by theorizations with little empirical basis and instrumental character
Halliday (1983) remarks that during the 1970s there were fourteen revolutions in the Third World. For these revolutions it can be added the negotiated transitions to independence and, paradoxically, Military Coups led by low and medium militaries, which have entailed a radical change of political regime, giving rise to the African Marxist Military Regimes (Markakis and Waller 1986; The Journal of Communist Studies 1992)
Summary
The historical dimension is used in a limited or selective way in the analysis of contemporary international relations, and it needs to be developed. Halliday (1983) remarks that during the 1970s there were fourteen revolutions in the Third World For these revolutions it can be added the negotiated transitions to independence and, paradoxically, Military Coups led by low and medium militaries, which have entailed a radical change of political regime, giving rise to the African Marxist Military Regimes (Markakis and Waller 1986; The Journal of Communist Studies 1992). In this case, the number exceeds twenty between 1968 and 1983. The original and controversial revolutionary experiences proposed here for reflection, the Marxist Military Regimes, are different from the first States governed by the so-called “African Socialism” soon after independence, in the passage from 1950s to 1960s: Ghana (1957), Guinea (1958), Mali (1960), Tanzania (1961), Zambia (1964) and Algeria (1962)
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