Abstract

Regime type has an impact on the design and reform of electoral systems, as revealed by a classification of the 28 former communist states as authoritarian, semi-authoritarian, and democratic regimes and a comparison of their electoral arrangements. From 1989 to the end of 2005, the selection of electoral rules in the post-communist polities conformed to the world-wide trend of more permissive electoral systems over time, although the different regime types embraced diverse electoral design strategies. Democratic and semi-authoritarian regimes adopted election rules in favour of inclusive PR, generous district magnitudes and assembly size. Authoritarian regimes made use of restrictive majoritarian formulas to constrain the political process. As in the rest of the world during the third wave of democratization, ‘electoral democracy’ emerged as an important legitimating criterion for the post-communist political systems, but the rules for contestation were devised in very different ways to facilitate or constrain political competition.

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