Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the most insidious neurodegenerative diseases in developed countries. Today, human pluripotent stem cells are produced from embryonic or adult cells, multiplied, differentiated into neural cell lines and ultimately transplanted into disease animal models or patients. Nowadays, DOPAminergic neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells and human parthenogenetic cells are being clinically tested in China and Australia, respectively. More importantly, good manufacturing practices have been developed and the neurons obtained have been successfully tested in nonhuman primates by teams in Europe, USA and Japan. However, there is a need for translational clinical studies with small molecules tested in vitro, as well as testing of the the efficacy of additional therapies.
Highlights
Pharmacokinetics Small moleculesThe success of regenerative medicine depends on the restoration of organic homeostasis
It is probable that a cure will need more than one therapeutic approach
Pharmacokinetic studies should be performed with small molecules
Summary
The success of regenerative medicine depends on the restoration of organic homeostasis. Significant advances have been made solving some important drawbacks of Yamanaka’s strategy; for instance, derived neurons reach functional maturation preventing formation of tumors; the production efficiency has been increased by millions of cells; and transcriptional factors have been reduced, to be substituted by effective small molecules (SMs) To date, it is with human embryonic and fetal cells that best clinical outcomes have been achieved, but their use has been restricted because the extraction process is really complex and it entails important ethical objections. NPCs have almost unlimited multiplication capacity and are multipotent; that is, they are able to differentiate into several types of nerve cells This overview will focus on the status of regenerative medicine regarding its application in PD, we should be aware that the available information supports the hypothesis that most insidious neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [ALS], etc) share a common pathogenesis. The majority of these human chemically induced future science group www.future-science.com
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