Regenerative Medicine and Angiogenesis; Challenges and Opportunities.

Mozhgan Jahani,Kamran Mansouri,Parisa Mohammadi,Amir Abdolmaleki,Amir Norooznezhad,Davood Rezazadeh

doi:10.34172/apb.2020.061

Abstract

Blood vessel development is one of the most prominent steps in regenerative medicine due to the restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissues and providing the rapid vascularization in clinical-sized tissue-engineered grafts. However, currently tissue engineering technique is restricted because of the inadequate in vitro/in vivo tissue vascularization. Some challenges like as transportation in large scale, distribution of the nutrients and poor oxygen diffusion limit the progression of vessels in smaller than clinically relevant dimensions as well in vivo integration. In this regard, the scholars attempted to promote the vascularization process relied on the stem cells (SCs), growth factors as well as exosomes and interactions of biomaterials with all of them to enable the emergence of ideal microenvironment which is needed for treatment of unhealthy organs or tissue regeneration and formation of new blood vessels. Thus, in the present review we aim to describe these approaches, advances, obstacles and opportunities as well as their application in regeneration of heart as a prominent angiogenesis-dependent organ.

Highlights

Regenerative medicine is a branch of medical sciences with the aim of damaged restoration, malfunctioned, or missed tissue by the use of a broad spectrum of technologies and methodologies such as; tissue engineering techniques, cell transplantation approaches, stem cells (SCs) biology, biomechanics, prosthetics, and nanotechnology.[1,2] Tissue engineering hires a mixture of cells and bio-degradable scaffolds for tissue formation
The scholars attempted to promote the vascularization process relied on the stem cells (SCs), growth factors as well as exosomes and interactions of biomaterials with all of them to enable the emergence of ideal microenvironment which is needed for treatment of unhealthy organs or tissue regeneration and formation of new blood vessels
Conclusion and future perspectives The generation of functional vascular networks is an important step for regenerative medicine strategies

Summary

Introduction

Regenerative medicine is a branch of medical sciences with the aim of damaged restoration, malfunctioned, or missed tissue by the use of a broad spectrum of technologies and methodologies such as; tissue engineering techniques, cell transplantation approaches, stem cells (SCs) biology, biomechanics, prosthetics, and nanotechnology.[1,2] Tissue engineering hires a mixture of cells and bio-degradable scaffolds for tissue formation. According to the several material-based approaches, the bio-degradable materials fundamentally functionalize with cellular activities.[3]. According to the researches hypotheses, the promotion of vascularization and angiogenesis is a crucial step in construction of tissue-engineered grafts.[4] In therapeutic angiogenesis the new vessels are generated by restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissues. Due to the lack of endogenous tissue perfusion, the ischemic diseases need this strategy to accelerate the vascularization in tissueengineered grafts through the transplantation of in vitro-generated tissue for damaged or surgically treated tissues.[5,6]

Objectives

Findings

Conclusion