Regenerative Hepatic Effect of Red Propolis Extract Administration After Partial Hepatectomy in Rats

Abstract

Human liver proliferation resulting from partial hepatectomy or from acute harmful stimuli may lead to liver failure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effect of hydroethanolic extract of red propolis on the proliferation of hepatocytes after enlarged hepatectomy. Propolis is a resinous product made by honeybees with wide therapeutic application. The following doses were used in the treatment with hydroethanolic extract: 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg/day; it was administered via gavage, once a day; and propolis delivery started 3 days before the 70% hepatectomy procedure. Blood and liver samples were collected 24 and 48 h after liver resection. Serum aminotransferase measurements were taken, and histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out to find the antigen marker of Ki-67 cell proliferation. Daidzein, formononetin, and biochanin A were the chemical compounds identified in the hydroethanolic extract of red propolis. Enlarged hepatectomy led to mild inflammatory reaction, cytoplasmic vacuolization, microgoticular steatosis, mild sinusoidal congestion, and manifestation of rare apoptotic bodies in the remaining liver tissue. The extracellular matrix showed preserved reticular weave and deposition of some collagen fibers. The treatment based on 3 mg/kg of hydroethanolic extract of red propolis significantly increased the hepatocellular proliferation rate in comparison with the control. These results suggest that the pre-treatment with hydroethanolic extract of red propolis has stimulated hepatocellular proliferation during the acute phase of the hepatic regenerative process.