Abstract
Abstract— Bleached purple membrane normally binds Ca2+ and Mg2+, which can be removed by the divalent cation chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Regeneration of pigments from EDTA‐treated bleached membrane (apomembrane) and retinal leads to the formation of blue membrane at pH 4.8, and purple membrane at neutral pH. The pigments take much longer to regenerate than with un‐deionized apoprotein. Adding back cations to the deionized apomembrane only partially speeds up the regeneration process. Like native purple membrane, the regenerated purple membrane also undergoes a photocycle and shows a light‐induced proton release and uptake, although with much slower kinetics than the native species. Thus, cations control the kinetics of pigment regeneration, and also some aspects of the pigment's conformation which controls the photocycle kinetics. The removal and replacement of the cations is not completely reversible, suggesting the cations are not merely bound in the double layer.
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