Abstract
The equipment and infrastructure of the electric power system is designed to have a lifetime of 20?40 years or more depending on operating conditions and environment. This is due to the desire for optimal reliability and the large initial investment for the equipment itself. At some point, the primary and secondary equipment will need to be replaced or refurbished. Different electrical system installations have different needs in terms of refurbishment. The projects that will be discussed are high-voltage dc (HVdc) and flexible ac transmission systems (FACTSs) that Siemens has refurbished recently in Australasia. In particular, the HVdc project is located in New Zealand, and the FACTS installations are in Australia.
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