Abstract
Abstract This paper reviews the importance of expansion turbines in low temperature plant for air separation, helium liquefaction and refrigeration, and other areas. The basic concepts of low temperature refrigeration are described and the important part in this played by expansion turbines outlined. A brief description of the design of such turbines is given, with examples of their application in processes for air separation, nitrogen liquefaction and helium refrigeration. The importance of the latter in potential commercial applications of superconductivity, including a.c. and d.c. generators and motors, power transmission and large magnet systems is outlined and discussed.
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