Abstract

Deep eutectic solvents offer a broad landscape of benign, inexpensive electrodeposition solvents with tunable electrochemical properties. However, the combinatorial nature of binary deep eutectics makes the number of possible solvents very large, and thus solvent-specific fundamental electrochemical properties of even common solvated metal species, much less refractory metals, are severely underpopulated in the body of literature. Additionally, fundamental questions remain unanswered about the effect of electroplating additives on the speciation of solvated metal complexes in these inherently multicomponent solvents, and the ensuing connection between complex speciation and metal reduction potentials. Here we discuss previously undescribed fundamental electrochemical properties of solvated Niobium in various novel, predominantly choline chloride based, deep eutectic solvents, with and without additives, and the resulting implications for the pursuit of refractory metal electrodeposition.

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