Abstract
Photonic crystal fiber interferometers are widely used for sensing applications. In this work, solid core-Photonic crystal fiber based on Mach-Zehnder modal interferometer for sensing refractive index was presented. The general structure of sensor applied by splicing short lengths of PCF in both sides with conventional single mode fiber (SMF-28). To apply modal interferometer theory; collapsing technique based on fusion splicing used to excite higher order modes (LP01 and LP11). Laser diode (1550 nm) has been used as a pump light source. Where a high sensitive optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) was used to monitor and record the transmitted. The experimental work shows that the interference spectrum of Photonic crystal fiber interferometer exhibits good sensitivity to refractive index variations. The response of the PCFI is observed for a range of refractive index values from (1.33 to 1.38), the position of the interference peaks is found to be shifted to longer wavelength with refractive index increasing. A different length of PCFs (2, 3, 4) cm were used, and the maximum refractive index sensitivity of (7.5 pm / RIU) is achieved with a PCF length of 4 cm. This refractive index sensor has distinguished properties as that it small size, high sensitivity, fast response time, design flexibility, and immunity to electromagnetic interference.
Highlights
Refractive index is one of the main properties of a material its accurate measuring is crucial in many applications such as industrial processing and analysis of different biological or chemical specimens [1].Liquid refractive index measurement based on optical method, has two method optical path measurement method and optical fiber measurement method
In this paper we proposed and study a kind of Mach- Zehnder interferometer refractive index sensor which based on splicing a short length solid –core photonic crystal fiber between two single –mode fiber
The Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) (LMA-10) as a sensor head consisting of a solid core surrounded by four ring of air holes arranged in a hexagonal pattern around a solid silica core, as shown in Fig.1, the fiber has a core size diameter of (10 μm), air-holes with an average diameter of (3.1 μm), the average separation between the voids is (6.6 μm) and outer diameter of (125 μm) dimensions of the PCF (LMA10) alignment and splicing with the SMF with a splicing machine, and due to mode-field diameter mismatch compared to other PCFs, the loss was minimize [6, 7]
Summary
Refractive index is one of the main properties of a material its accurate measuring is crucial in many applications such as industrial processing and analysis of different biological or chemical specimens [1].Liquid refractive index measurement based on optical method, has two method optical path measurement method and optical fiber measurement method. Key words Refractive Index (RI), interferometer, sensitivity, wavelength shift, Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF).
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