Abstract
A new class of refractive index sensors using solid core photonic crystal fibres isdemonstrated. Coherent scattering at the cladding lattice is used to optically characterizematerials inserted into the fibre holes. The liquid to solid phase transition of water uponfreezing to ice 1h is characterized by determining the refractive index.
Highlights
Various methods have been proposed in the literature for measuring the optical properties of gases and liquids incorporated inside the holes of structured optical fibres
In this paper we propose a new optical fibre sensing approach exploiting the high sensitivity of resonant propagation of less confined light in solid-core photonic crystal fibres
Using the diffractive nature of the periodic lattice of a photonic crystal fibre a readily implementable technique to measure the refractive index of materials has been proposed and demonstrated
Summary
Various methods have been proposed in the literature for measuring the optical properties of gases and liquids incorporated inside the holes of structured optical fibres. A straightforward approach uses a solid-core photonic crystal fibre (PCF) and relies on the overlap between the evanescent field of the propagating mode and the holes [1,2]. Higher sensitivity can be achieved by exploiting guidance in the hollow core of diffractive fibres [3,4,5] since light propagates through the sample and interaction is maximum. The refractive index of the sample, needs to be considered since it will shift the Sensors 2007, 7 transmission band. Solid fibre Bragg grating based refractive index sensors have been proposed in the past [8,9,10,11]
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