Abstract
Methods for calculation of refractive index increments of polymers in solution from the properties of the pure polymer and solvent and a suitable theory of polarization are developed. Volume changes on mixing the components, the effects of polydispersity, and the value of partial specific refractions are discussed rigorously. The general methods are used to derive a new equation for the refractive index increment from the polarization theory of Onsager and Böttcher. Errors in the Lorenz-Lorentz equation for the refractive increment are predicted to depend on the refractive index of the solvent, in agreement with experiment. Tests of the new equation, using existing experimental data, show that its accuracy is greater than the Lorenz-Lorentz equation, but is limited by a lack of knowledge of molecular parameters for the solvent and polymer.
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