Abstract
Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is employed as a refractive index sensor (RIS) for solving a lot of problems in biological, physicochemical, medical, engineering fields and many environmental challenges, where it is used in many industries of food, medicines, chemical materials and material diagnosis. The kind of the PCFs was HC-1550 with three wavelengths of laser source were used; 638 nm, 850 nm, and 1550 nm that are useful for recording the intended transmitted signal intensity. Therefore, the measured RI was in the range (1.469 - 1.455 RIU) at the temperature range (36 - 70)°C for the EBBA and it was (1.621 - 1.612 RIU) at the temperature range (22 - 42)°C for the MBBA. The results showed that the highest RI sensitivity was 96.335 dBm/RIU for the HC-1550 infiltrated with MBBA using the laser of wavelength 638 nm, Also, the highest temperature sensitivity was 0.2505 dBm/°C for empty HC-1550 using the laser of wavelength 1550 nm.
Highlights
In problems of sensitivity measurements based on refractive index, the refractive index sensor (RIS) uses a Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) which is either immersed in the solution of that materials or infiltrated a specific material inside the PCF, which leads to shifting the wavelength of the transmitted light after the infiltration, RIS can be used to investigate the purity of the water or used to know the ratio of the drug in the medicines and endlessly applications
It shown that the behavior of the transmissions with respect to temperature indicates that the transmitted signal decrease with increasing the temperature of the PCF, this is due to the collisions between the molecules of the silica and the light signal that will losses the signal part of its motion power
The diagrams in the cases of the empty PCF between the refractive index and the transmitted signal were eliminated since the refractive index of the air is constant according to the Equation (1), where the n represent the refractive index of the medium, c is the velocity of light in vacuum and v is the speed of the light in that medium
Summary
In problems of sensitivity measurements based on refractive index, the RIS uses a PCF which is either immersed in the solution of that materials or infiltrated a specific material inside the PCF, which leads to shifting the wavelength of the transmitted light after the infiltration, RIS can be used to investigate the purity of the water or used to know the ratio of the drug in the medicines and endlessly applications. To use the selective infiltration of any individual hole along the PCF and by this method of precise infiltration they can design the sensor with high sensitivity through the coupling of the mode of the core which is in the adjacent waveguide that fluid-filled which is beyond the modal cutoff. Pinto and Manuel Lopez-Amo in 2012 had the studied of the HC-PCF refractive index sensor based on modal interference, where they are splicing both ends of HC-PCF with a single mode fiber SMF by fusion splicing, there is an air collapse, the modal interference was formed by exciting and recombining core and cladding modes They used the sugar solution to make the shifting in the wavelength in the interference spectra in the HC-PCF. The resulted resolution and the sensitivity were 5.53 × 10−4 RIU and 36.184 nm/RIU, respectively and the temperature sensitivity about 19pm/ ̊C with the using temperature range (35.5 - 60.5) ̊C and it can used for chemical, biological and biochemical applications [3]
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