Abstract
To determine the parameters of the anterior segment of eyes that are significantly associated with the refractive error in healthy young Japanese university students. This was a cross-sectional observational study of 229 healthy Japanese university students (men: women,147:82) whose age ranged between 20 to 29 years. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify the factors that were significantly correlated with the refractive error. The independent variables included age, sex, axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal diameter, curvature of anterior surface of cornea, and central corneal thickness. The mean refractive error (spherical equivalent) was −4.1 ± 2.7 diopters (D) with a range of −12.5 to +0.5 D, and the mean axial length was 25.4 ± 1.3 mm with a range of 22.4 to 29.0 mm. Pearson univariate correlation analysis found that the refractive error was significantly and negatively correlated with the axial length (R = −0.82, P < 0.001), deeper anterior chamber (R = −0.30, P < 0.001), and larger corneal diameter (R = −0.21, P = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the refractive error was significantly associated with a longer axial length (P < 0.001), a deeper anterior chamber (P < 0.001), and a flatter corneal curvature (P < 0.001).The biometric values of the anterior segment of the eyes should make the eye more hyperopic which would reduce the myopia-inducing lengthening of the axial length.
Highlights
Axial myopia is associated with a longer axial length (AL)[1], and the elongation of the AL can lead to structural changes of the retina[2,3], choroid[4,5,6], and sclera[7,8,9] mainly in the posterior pole
The decimal best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was ≥ 1.0 in all subjects, and none of the eyes had complications associated with myopia
Tideman et al reported that the prevalence of visual impairment rose with increasing axial length and spherical equivalent[34]
Summary
Axial myopia is associated with a longer axial length (AL)[1], and the elongation of the AL can lead to structural changes of the retina[2,3], choroid[4,5,6], and sclera[7,8,9] mainly in the posterior pole. It seems reasonable to assume that the changes in the sclera that occur during the elongation of the eye occur in the cornea. There have been many studies that focused on the differences in the values of the anterior segment parameters of myopic eyes from that of emmetropic eyes. A Medline search did not extract any studies reporting on the correlations between the degree of myopia and the biometrics of the anterior segment of the eye of younger Japanese individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are significant correlations between the refractive error and the AL of the eye and the values of the different parameters of the anterior segment of the eye in healthy young Japanese university students
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